What to Know about Colorectal Cancer Surgery

Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the colon (large intestine) or rectum; and is the most common cancer in Singapore.

Surgery is the primary treatment for colorectal cancer, with the goal to remove cancerous cells from the colon or rectum and prevent their potential spread to surrounding tissues. It can range from minimally invasive methods to a more traditional open approach that removes a portion or the entire colon or rectum and its nearby lymph nodes.

Types of Colorectal Cancer Surgery

• Polypectomy: A surgeon may perform a polypectomy during a colonoscopy. This procedure involves using a long, flexible scope with a camera at one end, and a specialised instrument, such as a snare, to remove polyps and suspicious tissue samples found in the colon.
• Colectomy: During a colectomy, the surgeon removes the diseased portion of the colon and reconnects the remaining healthy parts (partial colectomy). In some cases, the entire colon may need to be removed (total colectomy).
• Laparoscopic Surgery: During laparoscopic surgery, the surgeon makes several small incisions on the abdomen to insert specialised surgical instruments, such as a laparoscope, into the abdominal cavity in order to remove cancerous growths. This minimally invasive procedure results in reduced pain and shorter recovery periods.
• Robotic Surgery: Robotic surgery utilises microsurgical instruments controlled by a console and magnified visualisations to enhance surgical precision. This procedure provides less trauma and high levels of precision.
• Open Surgery: Open surgery is a preferred option for advanced colorectal cancer where the diseased portion has become much larger. Here, the surgeon creates a long abdominal incision for greater ease of access; remove the tumour, a portion of the colon or rectum, and nearby lymph nodes.
• Colostomy: A colostomy is a procedure that involves creating a stoma, an artificial opening in the abdominal wall, to allow one end of the large intestine to be brought to the surface. A pouch is then attached to the stoma to collect stool. This procedure is usually done when there is a bowel and it can be temporary or permanent.

Recovering from Surgery

Following the procedure, you are usually monitored in the hospital for a few days before being cleared for discharge. Upon discharge, your doctor will also provide instructions and arrangements to ensure a smooth recovery, including:

• Medications: Your doctor may prescribe pain medications, antibiotics, stool softeners, and other types of medications to aid in the comfort and effectiveness of your recovery.
• Diet: Your doctor may recommend following a certain diet, such as a liquid or soft diet, before transitioning to solid foods to allow the treated area to heal.
• Physical Activity: Participating in light activities, such as gentle exercises and short walks, can increase your activity level and promote a faster recovery.
• Follow-Up Appointments: Regular follow-up appointments with your surgeon can track your recovery and address any concerns that may arise.