5 Things to Know About Orthopaedic Surgery

Orthopaedic surgery is a branch of medicine that focuses on conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. It includes a wide range of procedures aimed at treating injuries, diseases, and disorders affecting the bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and nerves. From repairing broken bones to replacing joints and correcting deformities, orthopaedic surgery plays a crucial role in restoring mobility, relieving pain, and improving the quality of life.

Here are five things you should know about orthopaedic surgery:

1. The Procedure

Orthopaedic surgery involves preparing the patient with evaluations and anaesthesia, making an incision to access the affected area, performing the necessary procedure (such as repairing a fracture or replacing a joint), closing the incision, monitoring the patient in recovery, providing post-operative care instructions, and overseeing rehabilitation.

Patients should take note of the following prior to surgery:

• Provide the doctor with a list of all prescription, over-the-counter medications, herbs and vitamins that you take
• Bring along the relevant medical and legal documents (including NRIC, X-Ray reports etc)
• Bring a name card or provide information of the patient’s primary contact while they are in surgery
• Follow the doctor’s advice at all stages (fasting, stopping medications etc)

2. Advancements in Orthopaedic Surgery

Orthopaedic surgeons are using increasingly advanced technologies to provide better care and outcomes for patients. Sometimes, this includes the use of regenerative medicine techniques such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), 3D printing technology to create custom implants that fit each patient perfectly, as well as surgical techniques that have been enhanced by robotic-assisted surgery and computer-guided navigation systems, leading to better outcomes and faster recoveries. There is also the use of biodegradable implants, allowing for a more convenient and less invasive experience.

3. Risk Factors Associated with Orthopaedic Surgery

Similar to other surgeries, certain factors can increase the risk of orthopaedic surgery. These risks can be classified as modifiable and unmodifiable.

Modifiable risk factors include:

• Smoking: Smoking can impair healing and increase the risk of complications
• Obesity: Being overweight can increase the risk of complications during and after surgery
• Medications used: Certain medications, such as blood thinners, can increase the risk of bleeding during surgery

Non-modifiable risk factors include:

• Age: Older age is associated with a higher risk of complications
• Genetics: Certain genetic factors can affect how the body responds to surgery and healing
• Underlying health conditions: Pre-existing health conditions, such as diabetes or heart disease, can increase the risk of complications

4. Individualized Rehabilitation in Orthopaedic Surgery

The rehabilitation process in orthopaedic surgery is highly individualized, taking into consideration factors such as the type of surgery, the extent of the condition, and the patient’s overall health and fitness level. This approach ensures that the rehabilitation plan meets the specific needs and goals of each patient.

Healthcare providers will closely monitor the patient’s progress and adjust the exercises and intensity levels as needed. They may also incorporate specialized techniques or modalities to enhance recovery, including:

• Aquatic Therapy: Rehabilitation programs include aquatic therapy such as exercises performed in a pool, water walking or jogging
• Sports-Specific Rehabilitation: Athletes may undergo sports-specific rehabilitation programs designed specifically for their sport, focusing on movements and skills relevant to their athletic activities.
• Community-Based Rehabilitation: Some rehabilitation programs incorporate community-based activities, such as group exercise classes or outdoor recreational activities to help patients maintain an active lifestyle.

5. The Recovery Process

After an orthopaedic surgery, patients will undergo immediate postoperative care, potentially requiring a hospital stay for pain management and early mobilization. They receive pain medications and begin physiotherapy to restore mobility and strength. Follow-up appointments are scheduled for monitoring progress and adjusting treatment plans. Patients gradually return to activities under guidance. Full recovery can take weeks to months.