Robotic knee replacement represents an evolution in knee replacement surgery that integrates advanced technology with established surgical principles. In Singapore, this surgical option is considered for patients with significant knee joint damage when non-surgical treatments no longer provide adequate relief and mobility is affected. Recognition of the indications and considerations for robotic knee replacement can help patients and clinicians navigate appropriate care pathways.
Overview on Knee Joint Conditions
The knee joint is a complex structure that bears weight, facilitates movement, and adapts to daily demands. Conditions such as knee osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthritis, and post-traumatic joint damage can gradually impair joint function and cause persistent pain. When these conditions progress to a point where symptoms affect daily activities and conservative management offers limited benefit, surgical intervention may be evaluated.
What Is Robotic Knee Replacement?
Robotic knee replacement is a form of knee arthroplasty in which specialised robotic systems support the surgeon during key stages of the procedure. The surgeon remains in control at all times, using the robotic system to enhance precision in bone preparation and implant placement.
Preoperative imaging, often including three-dimensional scans, is used to plan the surgery based on the patient’s individual anatomy. Real-time feedback during the operation helps guide bone cuts and alignment, while aiming to preserve healthy tissue and ensure accurate positioning of the knee implant.
When Robotic Knee Replacement May Be Considered
Persistent Pain and Functional Limitation
Robotic knee replacement may be considered when knee pain and stiffness continue to restrict movement despite conservative treatments such as physiotherapy, medication, and activity modification. Pain that interferes with walking, stair climbing or other routine activities may prompt specialist assessment.
Significant Joint Damage
Radiographic evidence of advanced joint deterioration, including severe cartilage loss and joint deformity, may be associated with functional decline. In such cases, knee replacement — including robotic-assisted procedures — may be discussed as part of the surgical options.
Limited Response to Non-Surgical Management
For some patients, non-surgical approaches may not provide sustained relief. When symptoms persist despite a structured rehabilitation and medical management plan, referral to an orthopaedic specialist for further evaluation can help determine whether robotic knee replacement is appropriate.
How Robotic Assistance Is Integrated Into Surgery
Robotic knee replacement integrates detailed planning with intraoperative guidance. Prior to surgery, imaging data is used to create a personalised surgical plan that accounts for bone quality, joint alignment, and anatomical variations. During the procedure, the robotic system provides feedback while the surgeon performs the operation, allowing controlled bone preparation and implant placement tailored to the patient.
It is important to understand that the robot does not perform the surgery independently; the surgeon directs the process, with technology serving as a tool to support precision.
Clinical Considerations Before Surgery
Decisions about robotic knee replacement involve several clinical considerations:
- Severity of Symptoms: Persistent pain and functional impairment are key factors.
- Extent of Joint Damage: Advanced arthritis or joint deformity visible on imaging may be relevant.
- Overall Health and Medical History: General health status influences surgical planning and recovery expectations.
- Response to Previous Treatments: Prior non-surgical management and its outcomes are evaluated.
In Singapore, orthopaedic surgeons such as Dr Alan Cheung of the International Orthopaedic Clinic, incorporate robotic-assisted systems including MAKOplasty System into knee replacement procedures when indicated, following individualised clinical assessment.
Potential Advantages of Robotic Knee Replacement
Robotic assistance may offer enhanced surgical precision, which can support accurate implant alignment and bone preparation. Precise alignment and customised planning have the potential to facilitate functional restoration of the knee joint.
Because robotic guidance may help reduce disruption to surrounding tissues, some patients may experience a rehabilitation trajectory that emphasises early mobilisation and structured physiotherapy.
Each clinical case is unique, and outcomes can vary. The decision to use robotic assistance is guided by clinical assessment and the surgeon’s judgement.
Recovery and Rehabilitation
Recovery from robotic knee replacement shares many characteristics with recovery from traditional knee replacement surgery. Rehabilitation after surgery typically focuses on:
- Regaining strength and range of motion
- Gradual return to daily activities
- Pain management and support from physiotherapy
Recovery timelines can vary depending on individual health factors and the presence of other conditions.
When Specialist Evaluation Is Recommended
Patients who experience persistent knee pain, reduced mobility, or symptoms that limit daily function despite non-surgical care may benefit from a specialist assessment. Orthopaedic evaluation helps confirm the diagnosis, discuss surgical options, and align treatment planning with patient goals.
Robotic knee replacement is one surgical option considered for patients with knee joint conditions that significantly affect quality of life. By combining detailed planning with intraoperative guidance, robotic systems support surgical accuracy under the direction of an orthopaedic specialist. Clinical evaluation remains central to determining the appropriateness of this option, and shared decision-making is important in aligning surgical care with individual needs.
